I can't believe I'm actually doing the homework :)
I'm just giving the very simple definitions and explanations.
Definitions of "reinforcement" and "punishment":
reinforcement -- strengthens the behaviour
punishment -- weakens the behaviour
Four "legs" of operant conditioning:
1. Positive reinforcement: a reward is given (ex. giving a treat)
2. Negative reinforcement: a correction is removed (ex. releasing the pressure of an ear pinch)
3. Positive punishment: a correction is given (ex. yanking the collar)
4. Negative punishment: a reward is removed (ex. crating the dog for a broken start-line stay, therefore the reward of agility is taken away)
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